Riots in France
Our press has not chosen to seriously cover some landmark events in France. For the past week, there have been riots in at least nine Parisian suburbs where people of color disproportionately live in conditions of high unemployment, poverty, and discrimination. They include recent immigrants and long term inhabitants, many from France’s former colonies in Africa and elsewhere. Many are Muslims, who may constitute 10% of the population -- the largest Muslim group in Europe. Like the Los Angeles riots more than a decade ago, one particular incident seems to have lit the spark on a long simmering caldron. Two teenagers were electrocuted at a power station and a third injured while running from the police.
I have directed the University of Iowa’s summer program in France for the past six years and have written a draft article about the 2004 French law that bans wearing ostentatious religious symbols in public schools – primarily the Muslim headscarf. France’s historic policy has been for everyone to become “French,” to assimilate to French values including secularism. The ideas the US has developed in the last 30 years of multiculturalism and respect for diversity—the salad bowl approach, has not hit the French yet. They do not even keep official figures on ethnicity and religion. They have not yet engaged in the rigorous societal debate we have about whether affirmative action might be needed as a means to include the people of color into French society.
Perhaps these riots will serve as a wake up call for French society much as the 1960s riots in US cities like Newark and Watts did. With the white birthrate very low throughout Europe, France’s future as a nation depends on young people of color who will work to help finance the very generous welfare state that exists there (free health care and schooling through university for example).
While each society must craft its own solutions, I hope the French will learn from US successes AND failures in this regard. Many gains have been made for people like myself and the other blackprofbloggers. Yet fifty years after Rosa Parks sat down in the front of the bus, many people of color remain mired in poverty and segregation here in the US. Even as we edge deeper into the age of the war on terror which disproportionately targets Muslims around the world, I hope France will make better progress in the next fifty years than the US did in the last 50 years.











Comments
I really feel for the Africans of France. I totally understand what they are dealing with. But for us here in the US this is a none issuse. We must first help the black folk here before we can help others. We must keep talking and writing about the missed placed people of Hurricane Katrina. I beleive we must keep the light on these people and get them back on their feet first. Don't get me wronge their problems are our problems,but with the little press we do get we have put it to good use.
Posted by: ES Pierce | November 3, 2005 12:15 PM
I have been blogging about this issue since I started my blog a few months ago. It appears that these riots include an equal number of North African Muslims and West African Blacks. I completely agree with your analogy to the US in the 1960s. Jean-Marie Le Pen is somewhat equivalant to George Wallace. My impression is that racism there is much worse because of the colorblind ideology, which exists side by side with right wing extremists like Le Pen.
Posted by: Rachel S | November 3, 2005 08:31 PM
I'm an American of African heritage (Nigerian to be exact), and although I was raised in Black America I have not forgotten my African roots. I suppose this is why the riots in France are particularly disturbing to me. I grew up in Los Angeles and witnessed firsthand the uprising in 1992. I was only 11 yrs old then, but old enough to understand the racial undertones of the incident--that being the social, political and economic disenfranchisement of black people. It comes as no surprise that black people in the "old world" experience the same kind of disenfranchisement. The Africans in Europe are just as marginalized there as Black people are in the U.S. In some cases, they are treated worse than second-class citizens. And lets not forget about Amadou Diallo. I don't think the police who shot him 41 times knew or even cared that Diallo was of Guinean descent. He was just "anotha' young, black boy" to them. So yes, we should continue making noise and creating a ruckus over the Hurricane Katrina disaster. But we cannot forget about our brothers and sisters on the other side of the globe. Lets move away from this "Us vs. Them" mentality. In the words of Peter Tosh: "Don't care where you come from/ As long as you're a black man/ You're an African...No mind denomination/ That is only segregation/ You're an African"
Posted by: N. Udoh | November 3, 2005 11:37 PM
Dear Adrien,
This is not an "uprising" or a "rebellion" as some commentators here have suggested. It is naked thuggery.
Since you have spent time in France you will know that the problems of the restive "banlieux" is an old problem.
Normally it is thugs setting fire to rubbish bins and committing gang rape - now they are throwing petrol bombs and shooting at the police.
I hope the CSR batter these thugs into submission. I support Interior Minister Nicolas Sarkozy, I support the police, I support law-abiding residents of those horrible neighbourhoods.
Don't let some sort of racial solidarity blind you to the facts. It helps no one but the rioters when you romanticise hooliganism and brutal violence as rebellion or draw unrealistic comparisons between this casual nihilistic violence in contemporary France with violence in a segregated America of 40 years ago.
Otherwise, I enjoy your blog and I wanted to thank you and the other contributers for your efforts.
Posted by: Jonathan | November 4, 2005 05:06 AM
This is a jihad operation in France. The French have been strong supporters of the Arab cause. They are reaping the fruits of their collaboration with the adversary.
I am also surprised by your sympathies. The Muslims were the biggest slavers, and remain the biggest slavers of black people, today. You hate America so much, you are supporting the biggest oppressors of your race. I am interested in an explanation of blacks' using arabic names. If the Muslims are allowed to take over France, they will come after black people before they do Jews. They will sell them.
Posted by: Supremacy Claus | November 6, 2005 10:53 AM
I read today an article in the Boston Globe about the riots in France.
The article is notable for many points, but I thought one point especially interesting in light of Adrien's point regarding the French commitment to assimilation:
One significant change, is that until a decade or so ago, immigrants proudly referred to themselves as ''French Arabs," ''French Algerians," ''French Moroccans," and so on. Today, in a sign of alienation, they typically call themselves ''Muslims," taking religion, often the radical brand, as their strongest identity.
http://www.boston.com/news/world/europe/articles/2005/11/06/youths_poverty_despair_fuel_violent_unrest_in_france/
Posted by: Tracey Meares | November 6, 2005 11:38 AM
France loves the Arab. It is being set straight by the Arab.
Patience. Once it gets going, and is set off, France does not care about anyone's opinion. It is not whipped by the lawyer, as America is.
France is a good ally, no matter what. It is regrettable that it had to learn about its real friends this way.
I bet a bunch of torture is going on as we speak. The leaders of this intifida should be found dead or in prison before next week is over.
Eric: When you call people names, it is a sign of debate fatigue. Take a rest. You may be getting overwrought. You should also respect this lawyer site. Calling people names is really bad in this context. You need to apologize to the gracious owners.
Posted by: Supremacy Claus | November 6, 2005 10:08 PM
"In Strasbourg, youths stole a car and rammed it into a housing project, setting the vehicle and the building on fire."
Isn't this from the Al Qaeda playbook?
Eric, did you see that one in Le Soir?
Posted by: Supremacy Claus | November 7, 2005 12:27 AM
Racism and ethnocentrism are alive and well in France as they are in every advanced industrial European society (U.S. and Canada included). Even if individual French profess to be non-racist or ethnocentric, their sense of national consciousness is based upon an ideal of what it means to be French. That ideal can never accommodate everyone in society. In addition, the ideal must exclude. Therefore, Racism is the tail side of the nationalist coin. One cannot exist without the other
The French ideal of National unity as mentioned by others was based on a one way stream of assimilation. That is, foreigners must become French. Indeed, the French and other Europeans with so far as to make people foreigners in their own countries during coloinialism. Ultimately, all nations rally around a national identity. But when immigrants feel marginalized or discriminated against because of who they are or are not, frustration brews and hostilities result as they have in France.
Globalism and the war on terror exacerbate tension between nationalities. The traditional circle of economic power in Western Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom) is suffering from the growth of the European Union to include less developed European nations in the east and south. Labor coming from the Eastern Europe has driven down wages in Western Europe. Nations such as, Portugal and Ireland have enjoyed economic growth because of the low cost of doing business in those nations.
In France and Germany,non-European Union immigrants are at an employment disadvantage. In fact, many German and French people also feel the crunch of absorbing cheap labor from Eastern Europe.
It is not surprising that economic hardship would be compounded at the margins of these societies.
With or without the global struggle against Islamic fundamentalist extremists, the economic situation in France and Germany would be the same. Likewise, ex-colonials from Africa would be in the same situation. Nevertheless, the war on terror places the children of African immigrants living in France on difficult footing. Each must decide with whom he should ally himself: France, Anti-Western Muslims, Pro-Western Muslims, Christians, Morroccans, Algerians, Guineans,Ivorians, etc. Given the economic and social reality of life in France, nostalgia for distant lands most young hardly know if at all, it's not hard to see why they look to ancestral customs and values to the extreme.
Posted by: Anonymous | November 7, 2005 02:39 PM
Racism and ethnocentrism are alive and well in France as they are in every advanced industrial European society (U.S. and Canada included). Even if individual French profess to be non-racist or ethnocentric, their sense of national consciousness is based upon an ideal of what it means to be French. That ideal can never accommodate everyone in society. In addition, the ideal must exclude. Therefore, Racism is the tail side of the nationalist coin. One cannot exist without the other
The French ideal of National unity as mentioned by others was based on a one way stream of assimilation. That is, foreigners must become French. Indeed, the French and other Europeans with so far as to make people foreigners in their own countries during coloinialism. Ultimately, all nations rally around a national identity. But when immigrants feel marginalized or discriminated against because of who they are or are not, frustration brews and hostilities result as they have in France.
Globalism and the war on terror exacerbate tension between nationalities. The traditional circle of economic power in Western Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom) is suffering from the growth of the European Union to include less developed European nations in the east and south. Labor coming from the Eastern Europe has driven down wages in Western Europe. Nations such as, Portugal and Ireland have enjoyed economic growth because of the low cost of doing business in those nations.
In France and Germany,non-European Union immigrants are at an employment disadvantage. In fact, many German and French people also feel the crunch of absorbing cheap labor from Eastern Europe.
It is not surprising that economic hardship would be compounded at the margins of these societies.
With or without the global struggle against Islamic fundamentalist extremists, the economic situation in France and Germany would be the same. Likewise, ex-colonials from Africa would be in the same situation. Nevertheless, the war on terror places the children of African immigrants living in France on difficult footing. Each must decide with whom he should ally himself: France, Anti-Western Muslims, Pro-Western Muslims, Christians, Morroccans, Algerians, Guineans,Ivorians, etc. Given the economic and social reality of life in France, nostalgia for distant lands most young hardly know if at all, it's not hard to see why they look to ancestral customs and values to the extreme.
Posted by: Ricardo | November 7, 2005 02:40 PM
The riots in France should remind us how interconnected the lives and history of non-whites throughout the world are. During Slavery, enslaved Africans in one country often found inspiration in the acts of resistance of Africans located in other countries. Similarly, the riots in France today are interconnected with recent narratives of oppression emanating from the United States. While the realities of non-whites in France are different from ours in many ways, marginalized non-whites in France are clearly trying to find a way to make their voices heard. The means used are similar to the ones used by Blacks in this country at various times. The fact that we yearn for more peaceful modes of expression and deplore the inevitable opportunism of some, should not take away from the validity of their grievances.
The stories of resistance of Blacks in this country serve as an inspiration to many oppressed groups throughout the world. They pay close attention to the way we solve our conflicts and how we voice our grievances. It is now our turn to listen to their cries.
We seem to be at a crossroad in world history. This is a crossroad where various traditionally oppressed groups are demanding a change. We should pay attention to this pattern and view it as interconnected incidents that should trigger concerted efforts, on all fronts, to remedy these groups' respective problems.
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